What is electric charge | Properties of electric charge | unit of electric charge

What is electric charge | Properties of electric charge | unit of electric charge | Electric charge

In this article, we will be discussed the fundamentals of electric charge and electric charge properties. What is the electric charge most asked in basic of electrical engineering.

What is an electric charge?

Electric charge is an intrinsic property of the elementary particles like electrons, protons, etc., of which all the objects are made up. It is because of this electric charge that various objects excerpt strong electric forces of attraction or repulsion on each other.

Electric charge is an intrinsic property of elementary particles of matter which gives rise to electric force between various objects.

Electric charge is a scalar quantity. Its SI unit is coulomb(C). A proton has a positive charge (+e) and an electron has a negative charge (-e), where the large-scale matter that consists of an equal number of electrons and protons is electrically neutral. If there is an excess number of protons or electrons then the body will be a positive charge and if a number of electrons are in excess then the body will be a negative charge.

Properties of electric charge :

Quantization of electric charge :

The fundamental unit of electric charge (e) is the charge, Charge which is carried out by the electrons and its unit is the coulomb. E has a magnitude of 1.6*10-19 C.

In nature, the electric charge of any system is always an integral multiple of the least amount of charge. It means that the quantity can take only one of the discrete sets of valves. The charge

👉 q=ne where n is an integer ( 0,+1,-1,+2,-2….)

Conservation of electric charge :

Electric charge can neither be created nor destroyed. According to the conservation of electric charge, the total charge in an isolated system remains constant. But the charge can be transferred from one part to another, such that the toral charge always remains conserved. For example, Uranium (92U238) can decay by emitting an alpha particle (2he4 Nucleus )and transforming it into thorium (90Th234).

👉 92U238→90Th234 + 2He4

The charge before decay =+92e, total charge after decay=92e+2e.Hence the total charge is conserved.

Additive Nature of charge :

The total electric charge of a system is equal to the algebraic sum of electric charge located in the system. For example, if two charged bodies of charges +2q, -5q are brought in contact the total charge of the system is -3q.

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